Izimpahla zikaloliwe ezisheshayo nezingabizi kakhulu
Ukuthutha ngesitimela phakathi kweChina ne-Europe Kuyashesha futhi kungabizi
Isekelwa utshalomali oluvela kuhulumeni waseShayina, ezokuthutha ngesitimela zenza ukuthi izimpahla ezivela enyakatho namaphakathi neChina zithuthwe ziyiswe emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, kokunye zihanjiswe ngamaloli noma imizila emifushane yasolwandle.Sibheka izinzuzo zokuthutha impahla ngojantshi phakathi kweChina neYurophu, imizila emikhulu, nokucatshangelwa okuthile okusebenzayo lapho kuthunyelwa izimpahla ngesitimela.
Izinzuzo zokuthutha impahla ngojantshi Isivinini: Ngokushesha kunomkhumbi
Uhambo lwesitimela olusuka e-China luya e-Europe, ukusuka esikhumulweni kuya esikhumulweni, futhi kuye ngomzila, luthatha phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-15 neziyi-18.Lokho cishe ingxenye yesikhathi esisithathayo ukuhambisa iziqukathi ngomkhumbi.
Ngalezi zikhathi ezimfushane zokuhamba, amabhizinisi angasabela ngokushesha ekushintsheni okufunwa yimakethe.Ukwengeza, izikhathi ezimfushane zokuhamba ziholela ekujikelezeni okwengeziwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela sinciphe isitokwe ochungechungeni lokunikezela.Ngamanye amazwi, amabhizinisi angakhulula imali yokusebenza futhi ehlise izindleko zawo ezinkulu.
Ukonga izindleko ezinkokhelweni zenzalo esitokweni kungenye inzuzo.Ngakho-ke ujantshi ungenye indlela ekhangayo yokuthutha olwandle ngempahla ye-elekthronikhi enenani eliphezulu, isibonelo.
Izindleko: Izindleko eziphansi kunendiza
Ukuthutha olwandle kunikeza izindleko eziphansi kakhulu, futhi okwamanje kuyindlela ethandwayo yokuthunyelwa nokubuya eChina.Nokho, izikhathi zokuhamba zinde.Ngakho, lapho isivinini sibalulekile, ukuthuthwa emoyeni kuyaqala ukusebenza, nakuba izindleko ziphakeme kakhulu.
Ngokuya ngendawo okusuka kuyo, indawo okuyiwa kuyo kanye nomthamo, ukuthutha isitsha endlini ngendlu ngesitimela cishe kuyizindleko eziphindwe kabili zempahla yasolwandle kanye nekota yezindleko zokuthumela izimpahla ngendiza.
Isibonelo: Isiqukathi esingamamitha angu-40 singathwala impahla engu-22,000 kg.Ngesitimela, izindleko zingaba ngu-USD 8,000.Ngolwandle, umthwalo ofanayo uzobiza cishe u-USD 4,000 futhi ngomoya u-USD 32,000.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ujantshi uzimise ngokuqondile phakathi kolwandle nomoya, ubiza kancane kunokuthutha emoyeni futhi uyashesha kunokuthunyelwa olwandle.
Ukusimama: Ivumelana kakhulu nemvelo kunokuthutha emoyeni
Ukuthutha olwandle kuseyindlela yokuthutha evumelana kakhulu nemvelo.Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kokuthutha ngesitimela kuphansi kakhulu kunokuthutha emoyeni, impikiswano eya ngokuya ibalulekile.
Imizila yezimpahla zikaloliwe phakathi kweChina neYurophu
Kunemizila emibili emikhulu yezitimela ezithwala impahla, enemizila eminingi emincane:
1. Umzila oseningizimu onqamula e-Kazakhstan naseningizimu ye-Russia ulungele kakhulu ukuthutha ukuya nokubuya maphakathi ne-China, isb izifunda ezizungeze i-Chengdu, i-Chongqing ne-Zhengzhou.
2. Umzila osenyakatho onqamula eSiberia ulungele ukuthuthwa kwamabhokisi ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ezizungeze iBeijing, iDalian, iSuzhou neShenyang.EYurophu, amatheminali abaluleke kakhulu yiDuisburg neHamburg eJalimane, neWarsaw ePoland.
Ujantshi ulungele amabhizinisi izimpahla zawo ezinobude bempilo obufushane kakhulu ukuthi zingavunyelwa ukuthunyelwa ngolwandle.Kuyathakazelisa futhi emikhiqizweni esezingeni eliphansi lapho ukuthutha emoyeni kubiza kakhulu.
Inqwaba yokuthunyelwa kwezitimela ezisuka e-Asia kuya e-Europe ezezimboni ezinjengezezimoto, abathengi, abadayisi nemfashini, ezokukhiqiza izimboni nobuchwepheshe.Iningi lemikhiqizo iqondiswe eJalimane, imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke, kodwa ukudiliva kuya emazweni azungezile: iBelgium, iNetherlands, iFrance, iDenmark, iSwitzerland futhi ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela e-UK, eSpain naseNorway.
Hlanganisa izimpahla ezihlukene ekuthunyelweni okulawulwa ngokugcwele
Ngokungeziwe emithwalweni egcwele yeziqukathi (i-FCL), imithwalo yesitsha esingaphansi (i-LCL) isanda kutholakala, abahlinzeki bezokuthutha bahlela ukuhlanganiswa kwemithwalo eminingana evela kumakhasimende ahlukene ibe iziqukathi ezigcwele.Lokhu kwenza ujantshi ube yisixazululo esikhangayo sezimpahla ezincane.
Isibonelo, i-DSV inikeza izinsiza zesitimela eziqondile ze-LCL ezisebenza njalo:
1. I-Shanghai ukuya e-Duesseldorf: isevisi yempahla yamasonto onke egcwalisa iziqukathi ezimbili ezingamamitha angu-40
2. I-Shanghai ukuya e-Warsaw: iziqukathi ezingu-40-foot eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa ngesonto
3. I-Shenzhen iya e-Warsaw: isitsha esisodwa kuya kwezimbili ezingamamitha angu-40 ngesonto
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iShayina yenze izimali ezishisiwe ekuxhumaniseni kukaloliwe phakathi kwe-Asia ne-Europe ngaphansi kwe-Belt and Road Initiative, yakha amatheminali ayo kanye nolayini besitimela.Lezi zimali ezitshaliwe zikhomba ezikhathini ezimfushane kakhulu zokuhamba kanye nezindleko eziphansi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kusendleleni.Iziqukathi ze-Reefer (eziqandisiwe) zizosetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu.Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi izinto ezibolayo zisingathwe ngokuphumelelayo.Njengamanje, ukuthutha ngezindiza kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha izinto ezibolayo, okuyisixazululo esibizayo.Amandla okuthumela iziqukathi zosayizi ongajwayelekile kanye nezimpahla eziyingozi nawo ayabhekwa.
Yini okufanele icatshangelwe lapho kuthunyelwa ngesitimela ukuthunyelwa kwe-Intermodal endlini ngendlu
Njengoba nje ngezimpahla zomoya nezolwandle, udinga ukucabangela ukunyakaza kwangaphambi nangemuva kokuthunyelwa kwempahla yakho.Mayelana nempahla kaloliwe, udinga ukuthi izimpahla zipakishwe esitsheni esingaqashwa edepho yomqhubi wesitimela.Uma ishedepho yakho iseduze nendawo yokugcina iziqukathi, kungaba kuhle ukuhambisa izimpahla ngomgwaqo uziyise edepho ukuze zidluliselwe ezitsheni lapho, kunokuba uqashe isitsha esingenalutho ukuze silayishe emagcekeni akho.Noma iyiphi indlela, uma kuqhathaniswa nezikebhe zasolwandle, opharetha bezitimela banamadepho amancane kakhulu.Ngakho-ke udinga ukucabangela ngokucophelela ezokuthutha eziya noma ezibuya edepho, njengoba indawo yokugcina incane kakhulu.
Izijeziso zohwebo noma ukuduba
Amanye amazwe asendleleni angaphansi kwe unswinyo noma ukudukiswa amazwe ase-Europe futhi okuphambene nalokho, okusho ukuthi ezinye izimpahla zingavinjelwa amazwe athile.Ingqalasizinda yaseRussia nayo indala kakhulu futhi izinga lokutshalwa kwezimali liphansi kakhulu kunase-China, isibonelo.Kukhona futhi iqiniso lokuthi imingcele eminingana phakathi kwamazwe angenazo izivumelwano zokuhwebelana kufanele kweqe.Gwema ukubambezeleka ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphepha akho alungile.
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa
Noma kunini lapho izimpahla zithunyelwa ngojantshi, kuba nomehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa le-ambient ngezikhathi ezimfushane odinga ukunakwa.E-China, kungase kufudumele kakhulu, kuyilapho eRussia, ngaphansi kweqhwa.Lokhu kushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungabangela izinkinga kwezinye izimpahla.Hlola nomhlinzeki wakho wezokuthutha ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathwayo lapho kuthunyelwa izimpahla ezidinga ezokuthutha nokugcinwa okulawulwa izinga lokushisa.
